Perceived Barriers and Facilitators to Physical Activity Among Individuals with Disabilities: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to explore the perceived barriers and facilitators to physical activity among individuals with disabilities.

Methods and Materials: A qualitative phenomenological approach was employed to capture the experiences of individuals with disabilities. Participants were recruited from visitors of York Rehab Clinic in Canada, meeting the criteria of being aged 18 and above, having a physical disability, and being capable of providing informed consent. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 23 participants until theoretical saturation was reached. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis, supported by NVivo software, to identify key themes and subthemes.

Findings: The study identified several barriers and facilitators to physical activity. Physical barriers included accessibility issues, transportation challenges, environmental barriers, and health-related limitations. Social barriers encompassed lack of social support, attitudinal barriers, lack of awareness, dependency on caregivers, and negative past experiences. Facilitators included supportive environments, social encouragement, professional guidance, motivational factors, adapted programs, and technological aids. Psychological factors such as self-efficacy, mental health benefits, perceived benefits, fear of injury, motivation fluctuations, and coping strategies also played significant roles in influencing physical activity participation.

Conclusion: The findings underscore the multifaceted nature of barriers and facilitators to physical activity among individuals with disabilities. Addressing physical accessibility, fostering supportive social environments, providing professional guidance, and leveraging technological aids are crucial for promoting physical activity participation. Future research should incorporate larger, diverse samples and explore tailored strategies for different types of disabilities. Practical recommendations include improving facility accessibility, enhancing social support, and integrating technology to facilitate physical activity.